A more comprehensive, sorted collection of Bass Exercises is coming soon! Please take a look at these Essential Exercise and Etude books until then.
A note to bassists - For some reason, all of this was weirdly harder to find for you guys when compared to the other instruments. I'll be adding more to this soon as I find more, but here's a few things!
Exercise Books
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Some of these exercises may not look quite as fun as a few of the pieces you'll find in the Etude books, but these are essential and when practiced carefully and regularly will improve your Cello playing greatly.
These books have some really challenging stuff in them! But don't let that scare you away, if you open it and scroll halfway down and see stuff that you think you could never do, take a slower look around. Many of the exercises in these books are meant to be done one after another, so by practicing and mastering the beginning exercises first you can build your skill for the later more advanced ones.
As my violin teacher is always telling me, remember to practice slow and carefully! If you try and speed through these you're going to get way less out of them.
1) F. Simandl - New Method for Double Bass
Some say this book needs a teacher to get full benefit, but with all the written instruction this book gives, I believe it can be beneficial. This book includes basic information about things like bow hold, tuning, etc. At the same time it has lots of great information and exercises relating to the different exercises and harder scales, really a great book overall.
I've also attached the 2nd and 3rd book, which have lots of etudes designed to be played with piano accompaniment. These are also great to practice alone, and recordings of accompaniment can probably be found online, too.
Etude Books
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In these books you'll find a large variety of exercises that cover most things from finger technique to dynamics, they're wonderful resources with lots to offer. Etudes are great because they help you practice your technique, but in a musical context. Use these in your daily practice, trying out different exercises that help skills you want to improve. Practice them until you have them down perfectly! There are lots of benefits you can gain from these if you do.
1) F. Simandl - Etudes for Double Bass
These books, next in series after Book 1 mentioned also on this page, have some amazing etudes written for Bass with piano accompaniment. These are also great to practice alone, and recordings of accompaniment can probably be found online, too.